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The history of Indian astronomy begins with the Vedic period, ''Lagadha'' and composition of Vedanga Jyotisha (1400 BCE - 1200 BCE). Astronomical knowledge in India reached an early peak in the 5th century CE, with the ''Āryabhaṭīya''. Its author, Aryabhata, uses astronomical calculations to determine the date of the Battle of Kurukshetra as 18 February 3102 BCE. This date has become traditional and is still widely cited in Hindu literature. Modern authors attempted to date the Vedic period based on archaeoastronomical calculations. Thus, William Jones who tried to show, based on information gathered from Varaha Mihira, that Parashara muni lived at 1181 BCE.〔Bryant 2001:251〕 Hermann Jacobi has argued that in the Rigveda and Atharvaveda the sun was in Phalguni, and in the Sankhayana and Gobhila Grhyasutra the Full moon was in Bhadrapada during the summer solstice, which would have occurred at 4500-2500 BCE.〔Bryant 2001:254; Jacobi 1909〕 Jacobi and Tilak have both noted that the terms of the naksatras Mula (root), Vicrtau (dividers) and Jyestha (oldest) suggest that these names originated from a time when Mula marked the beginning of the year, i.e. about 4500-2500 BCE.〔Bryant 2001:255〕 Tilak has also noted that the two week long pitrs period after the full moon in Bhadrapada occurred at the beginning of the pitryana, which would have been true at about 4500-2500 BCE.〔 == Samhitas == In RV 5.40.5-9, a solar eclipse is referred to: Surya is obscured by an Asura called ''Svarbhanu'' ("self-luminous"), but recovered by the Atris. "The One" referred to in the Nasadiya Sukta and other hymns has been suggested to have originally referred to the axis mundi, and "The One who dwells beyond the seven sages" as the polar star, at the time referring to Thuban (α Draconis).〔Bjorn Merker, (Rig Veda Riddles In Nomad Perspective ), Mongolian Studies, Journal of the Mongolian Society XI, 1988.〕 The samvatsara "full year" in the Yajurveda has 360 days, and 12 (TS) or 13 (VS) months.〔Bryant 2001:253〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Archaeoastronomy and Vedic chronology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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